The concept of spherical lenses
The optical element we use most often is the spherical lens, whether used alone or in combination. These are our most commonly used components.
Definition of spherical lens and cylindrical lens
If we cut a sphere made of glass, then our terminal is a spherical lens, with flat and curved surfaces. Suppose we shine the light source onto the flat surface, then we can see that the light source will converge into a focus. If we rotate the sphere For lenses, the position and shape of the focal point will not change, because the internal structure of the sphere is the same, and the area illuminated is also the same, so there will be no change.
However, if we make these cuts on a cylindrical lens, then we use a plane parallel to the longest axis to cut the cylinder, we will get a flat lens and a curved lens, and the curve of the cylindrical lens will only follow the curve. It moves in one direction, so when our light source shines on the cylindrical lens, it forms a line, not a point, and the structure is also different from that of the spherical lens. When the cylindrical lens is rotated along the optical axis, the line formed will also follow. to change direction. Based on this principle, cylindrical lenses also have a wide range of applications.
Applications of cylindrical lenses
Spectrometer
In a spectrometer, we usually place a cylindrical lens behind the diffraction grating element, so that the light will be focused into a single line of incident light to the detector.
Correct astigmatism
Among them, the most important application of cylindrical lenses is also in the field of ophthalmology, especially the correction of astigmatism. Due to the deformation of the cornea, astigmatism will occur, so the astigmatic cornea will have different focal points on different axes, which requires cylindrical prisms to These two focuses overlap.
Laser scanning
Using laser rays, the camera and tripod can be fixed at the location of the decorated room, and by emitting laser straight lines, we can know the shape of the object we are measuring, especially when paving the ground, so that we can see whether the ground is flat.
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