An Introduction to Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2)
Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) is a synthetic crystalline substrate renowned for its exceptional transparency across a wide wavelength range from 120 nm to 6.0 µm. This unique property makes MgF2 an ideal material for a variety of optical applications across the ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR) spectral range. In this article, we will briefly introduce the properties, applications, and benefits of MgF2, and highlight MOK Optics’ capabilities in providing UV-grade MgF2 windows.
Understanding the Properties of MgF2
MgF2 is a tetragonal crystal known for its high transmittance in the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) band. Its optical properties are characterized by high transparency, exceeding 90% transmittance across a wide wavelength range. The material has a refractive index of approximately 1.38 and a core hardness of 415, harder than calcium fluoride but softer than fused silica.
MgF2 Size Specifications
MOK Optics offers MgF2 windows ranging in size from 2mm to 200mm, with dimensional tolerances of ±0.02mm. Light transmittance is greater than 90%, ensuring minimal light obstruction. Surface quality reaches 10⁻⁵, and flatness reaches λ/20@632.8nm. Parallelism is maintained for up to 30 seconds, suitable for precision optical applications.
MgF2 Coating Options
MgF2 windows can be customized with anti-reflective coatings (AR) according to customer requirements. These coatings enhance optical performance by reducing reflection and increasing transmittance, making MgF2 suitable for a wide range of optical systems.
MgF2 Applications in Optical Systems
1. Ultraviolet and Infrared Applications
MgF2 is particularly important in applications requiring high transmittance in both the ultraviolet and infrared bands. Its excellent transmittance at 121.6 nm wavelength makes it an ideal choice for excimer laser and Nd:YAG laser optics. The material also exhibits excellent resistance to chemical corrosion, laser damage, mechanical shock, and thermal shock, further enhancing its suitability for harsh environments.
2. Optical Components
MgF2 is widely used in various optical components, including windows, lenses, prisms, and substrates. Its high transmittance and stable chemical properties make it a preferred material for fiber optic communication and scientific research.
3. Advantages Compared to Other Materials
Compared to other optical materials (such as calcium fluoride and fused silica), MgF2 exhibits superior durability in the deep ultraviolet and far-infrared bands. Its excellent mechanical properties and high hardness enable it to resist environmental stresses, ensuring stable and long-term operation in various applications.
MOK Optics: A Leader in MgF2 Windows
1. Product Range
MOK Optics offers a full range of UV-grade MgF2 windows, with diameters up to 170mm and crystal orientations including <001>, <100>, and <110>. Leveraging its precision manufacturing expertise, the company ensures that every product meets the highest quality standards.
2. Customized Services and Quality Assurance
MOK Optics can customize dimensions, coatings, and crystal orientations to meet specific customer needs. The company’s commitment to quality is reflected in its strict control over dimensional tolerances, surface quality, and parallelism specifications.
3. Industry Applications
MOK Optics’ MgF2 windows are widely used in industries such as aerospace and telecommunications. Due to their reliability and superior performance in critical applications, MOK Optics products are trusted by researchers and engineers.
The Science Behind MgF2 Optical Properties
1. Crystal Structure and Transmittance
The tetragonal crystal structure of MgF2 gives it high transmittance in the ultraviolet and infrared spectral ranges. The lattice parameters a = 4.62 Å and c = 3.06 Å play a crucial role in its optical performance. Maintaining over 50% transmittance at 121.6 nm is essential for excimer laser applications.
2. Surface Quality and Flatness
The surface quality of the MgF2 window is critical for minimizing light scattering and absorption. MOK Optics ensures a surface quality of 10⁻⁵ and a flatness of λ/20@632.8 nm. These specifications are essential for high-precision optical systems requiring minimal distortion and maximum clarity.
3. Coating Technology
Advanced coating technologies enhance the performance of the MgF2 window by reducing reflection and increasing transmittance. We offer antireflective coatings for the UV, visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared bands to meet diverse application needs across different spectral ranges.
Why Choose Magnesium Fluoride (MgF2) for Your Optical Needs?
1. Superior Optical Clarity
Magnesium fluoride (MgF2) offers unparalleled optical clarity across a wide wavelength range, making it ideal for a variety of applications. Its high transmittance and low refractive index ensure minimal distortion and maximum efficiency in optical systems.
2. Durability and Shock Resistance
The material exhibits excellent resistance to chemical corrosion, laser damage, and mechanical shock, making it ideal for harsh environments. Its superior durability ensures long-lasting performance, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.
3. Customization and Flexibility
With MOK Optics’ expertise in customization, customers can select the ideal specifications for their specific applications. Whether it’s size, coating, or orientation, MgF2 windows can be customized to the unique requirements of any project.
Conclusion
MgF2 is a high-performance material with excellent optical properties, making it a preferred choice for applications ranging from ultraviolet to infrared spectroscopy. MOK Optics’ unwavering commitment to quality and innovation ensures that its MgF2 windows meet the highest standards of performance and reliability. Whether you’re in the aerospace or telecommunications industry, MgF2 provides the clarity and durability you need for success. Contact us to learn more about their UV-grade MgF2 windows and how they can enhance your optical systems.